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EU Blue Card

Last update: 08-01-2025

The EU Blue Card is a national residence permit for knowledge workers who are not a national of any of EU/EER member state or Switzerland. The EU Blue Card was established by the European Commission and is regulated by Directive (EU) 2021/1883.

Conditions

When a knowledge worker from outside the EU finds a highly qualified job with an employer in the Netherlands, a Blue Card could be a suitable permit.

Unlike with highly skilled migrants, the employer does not need to be a recognized sponsor with the IND. However, the employer’s company or legal entity does need to be economically active in the Netherlands.

These are the most important conditions
  • The knowledge worker must be an employee with an employment contract governed by Dutch law.
  • The gross monthly salary of the employee meets the salary threshold for EU Blue Card holders. This salary is paid monthly and directly to a bank account of the employee.
  • The employment contract is for a duration of at least 6 months.
  • The employee has completed at least a 3-year bachelor study at a higher educational institute in the Netherlands or abroad. Foreign degree certificates must be accredited by IDW and deemed equal to a Dutch degree from a higher educational institute. Furthermore, the degree should be relevant for the role of the employee.
  • A degree is not required if the employee has at least 5 years of relevant work experience.  For IT managers or IT specialists, at least 3 years of relevant work experience accumulated over the 7 years immediately prior to the application will suffice.

Mobility

Under Directive (EU) 2021/1883, holders of an EU Blue Card can claim short-term mobility and long-term mobility to other EU member states applying the EU Blue Card Directive. This does not apply to Ireland and Denmark.

Short-term mobility means that holders of an EU Blue Card can work in other EU member states provided their work is limited to the listed activities in that member state and does not exceed 90 days.

Long-term mobility means that after 12 months in another EU member state, holders of an EU Blue Card can apply for an EU Blue Card in a different member state without an entry visa. Thus, individuals who have lived on an EU Blue Card in the Netherlands for at least 12 consecutive months can apply for an EU Blue Card in another EU member state.


Each member state applies its own policy when issuing a Blue Card. For example,  every member state has a different salary threshold, based on at least 1.5 times the national average annual gross salary.

The expat must apply for a new residence permit in the next member state, but is exempted from the requirement of an entry clearance visa (mvv). The application is assessed by the member state of the employee’s next destination.

Validity

The Blue Card is valid for the duration of the employment agreement plus 3 months and can be issued with a validity of max. 5 years. The permit can be renewed as needed.

The Blue Card holder may only work for the employer under whom the permit was issued. 

Spouses, (registered partners) and minor children are entitled to a residence permit to live with the Blue Card holder. They have free access to the Dutch labor market.

Blue Card or Highly Skilled Migrant permit?

Both the Blue Card and the Highly Skilled Migrant permit facilitate labor migration of the highly qualified. There are, however, some essential differences:

  • For both permits, only highly qualified knowledge workers in a highly qualified position can qualify. For the European Blue Card, qualifications must be demonstrated by a diploma or work experience. For a Highly Skilled Migrant permit, this is not required.
  • To apply for a Highly Skilled Migrant permit the employer must obtain sponsor recognition from the IND; this is not required for a Blue Card application.
  • A Blue Card holder can exercise short-term and long-term mobility in another member state.
  • EU Blue Card holders who have used long-term mobility may sooner qualify for EU long-term resident status.
  • Both Highly Skilled Migrants and EU Blue Card holders who become unemployed are entitled to a search period of maximum 3 months (if their permits are still valid during that period), regardless of whether the employment was terminated by the employer or the employee. However, EU Blue card holders who have held the Blue Card for at least two years are entitled to a search period of 6 months. If their EU Blue Card expires before the end of this period, the permit can be extended for this purpose.
  • When Highly Skilled Migrants or Blue Card holders obtain a permanent residence permit or Dutch nationality and then apply for family reunification with a partner who is subject to a provisional residence permit (mvv) requirement, the partner must first take an integration exam abroad. However, an exception applies if the EU Blue Card holder obtained a permanent residence permit as an EU long-term resident.
  • Children of EU Blue Card holders studying at a Dutch university pay the statutory tuition fee. This is lower than the tuition fee for children of Highly Skilled Migrants.

For more information, please contact us.

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